Freesia is a beautiful flower native to South Africa, which blooms in bright colors and releases a delightful citrusy fragrance in late spring and early summer. Its upward-facing blossoms have a tubular shape, and each stem produces 5 to 10 flowers that grow on one side only. The double-flowered hybrids offer an even more stunning display. It’s worth mentioning that the stems turn at right angles just below the lowest flower, which causes the blossoms to face upwards and attract pollinators. This feature makes freesia an excellent choice for floral arrangements.
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How to Select Freesia Bulbs
When selecting freesia bulbs, opt for firm, plump corms devoid of any soft spots or signs of mold. Look for larger corms as they tend to produce more robust blooms. Ensure they are free from blemishes or cuts, indicating potential damage or disease. Additionally, choose bulbs that feel heavy for their size, indicating good moisture content and vitality, ensuring a promising start to their growth journey.
Where to Plant Freesia
Freesia is a plant native to the hot and dry regions of South Africa and it thrives in similar environments when planted in the garden. It is best grown in hot and dry planting sites such as south-facing foundation gardens, curbside, and sidewalk gardens. Freesia needs cool nights to flower well, so it is important to ensure that it gets the required temperature.
To achieve the best visual effect, plant freesia in clusters of 6 to 10. You can plant them as groups of single colors or mix the colors to create a confetti effect.
How and When to Plant Freesia
If you live in zones 9 or 10, you can plant freesia corms in the fall and enjoy their colorful racemes of flowers in spring. Planting them after the last frost in spring will ensure they bloom in late summer or early fall in cooler zones. Make sure to plant the corms with their pointed ends up, 1 to 2 inches deep, and no more than 2 inches apart.
However, in zones 3 to 8, the tender corms won’t survive the winter. You’ll have to dig them up after they have bloomed and the foliage has shriveled up, but before the first frost. Store them in sand or coconut coir in a cool, dry place at around 55 degrees F until you’re ready to replant them in the spring.
Freesia Care Tips
Light
Freesia thrives in full sun, but can also tolerate light morning shade.
Soil and Water
Freesia thrives in soil that is well-drained, fertile and enriched with organic matter. When planting, avoid overwatering as it can cause the bulbs to rot. Once the bulbs start sprouting, water them regularly but moderately, especially in the absence of rainfall. During the hot summer months, freesia will go dormant and should not be watered until the next growing season.
Temperature and Humidity
Freesia plants are typically hardy in zones 9 and 10. However, if you are in zone 8 and below, their corms will not survive the winter chill, so they need to be grown as an annual. The best time to grow freesia is during cool springtime temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees. These plants can tolerate humid conditions, but they will stop blooming and go dormant if the temperatures rise above 70 degrees F.
Fertilizer
Once the young plants reach a height of 6 inches, start fertilizing them every two weeks with a liquid fertilizer as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Pruning
Freesias do not require pruning. After blooming, it’s crucial to wait for the narrow, blade-like leaves to turn yellow, wilt, and shrivel completely before removing them. This is when the plant forms new bulblets.
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Potting and Repotting Freesia
Freesia is a beautiful flower that can be grown in containers or planted alongside other annuals and perennials that don’t need too much watering. To grow freesia in containers, start in early spring by filling a 5-inch-tall planting pot with a mixture of lightweight potting soil and compost that drains well. Plant 6 to 8 corms, with their pointed ends up, about 1 inch deep. This will give you a cluster of lush freesias in late summer or early fall. Another option for growing spring-blooming freesia in containers is to plant them in pots during the fall and keep them in a frost-free area where the temperature remains between 55 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Pests and Problems
Insects such as aphids and thrips are attracted to freesia plants. Additionally, snails and slugs may also feed on them. Freesia plants are susceptible to various diseases, including root and stem rot, which develops in wet conditions, dry rot, and fusarium wilt, a type of fungus.
How to Propagate Freesia
Freesias can be best propagated from corms, which are bulb-tuberous underground stems. The size of the corms determines the energy they contain, and subsequently, the size of the flowers they produce. Therefore, when propagating freesias, it is recommended to choose only large and healthy corms.
To propagate the plant, gently remove the corm offsets from the parent plant, making sure that they are not damaged. When planting, keep the corms 2 inches apart or denser, following the instructions for planting freesias.
Note that when propagating freesia from corms, they may not bloom in the first season, unlike newly purchased corms.
Freesia Companion Plants
Freesia is a unique cutting flower that is not commonly grown in home gardens. It is quite expensive at florists, but planting your own freesia can be a great way to enjoy the beauty of a florist shop bouquet from your backyard. You can create a charming garden bouquet by pairing freesia with dahlias, gladiolus, lady’s mantle (Alchemilla mollis), larkspur, cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), amaranth, and pincushion flower (scabiosa). When creating a cutting garden, it is recommended to plant in rows for easy care and harvesting all season long. You can also add structure to the planting bed by surrounding it with a low fence.
Cutting and Arrangements of Freesia Flowers
Freesias are known for their elegant blooms and citrusy fragrance, making them a perfect choice for cut flowers that can enhance any floral arrangements with their charm. When harvesting, it is best to wait until the first few buds begin to open but are not fully bloomed yet. Cut the stems at an angle and preferably in the morning or late afternoon. After cutting, immediately place them in lukewarm water to prolong their vase life. To keep them fresh longer, trim the stems every few days under running water, and change the water regularly. Freesias blend beautifully with other garden favorites such as dahlias, gladiolus, and cosmos, adding depth and fragrance to bouquets. Their slender stems and captivating upward-facing flowers make them a favorite for artistic arrangements, ensuring a delightful fragrance graces your indoor spaces while displaying their aesthetic appeal.
Conclusion
Embracing vibrant hues and fragrant blooms, cultivating freesias can enrich outdoor spaces and offer delightful arrangements for indoor displays. These elegant flowers grow gracefully in containers and make stunning cut flowers that captivate with their beauty and charm. Growing, arranging, and savoring freesias can infuse any space with a touch of floral elegance and a citrusy fragrance.
Happy Gardening!
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